{"id":11476,"date":"2017-08-16T12:00:51","date_gmt":"2017-08-16T11:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/?p=11476"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:18:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T14:18:36","slug":"human-memory-works-tips-ux-designers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shopjessicabuckley.com\/blog\/human-memory-works-tips-ux-designers\/","title":{"rendered":"How Human Memory Works: Tips for UX Designers."},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">One of the greatest information processors we deal with in our everyday life cannot be seen or touched. It cannot be bought or sold as well as taken from other people; however, it can be developed and strengthened by many ways. It cannot be easily described but belongs to the most precious features of human life and determines perhaps any step we take and any decision we make. It is a wonder we rarely think about that way. It\u2019s human memory.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s position-relative marginTopBottom-l breakPointM-marginTopBottom-xl\"><div class=\"blog-quote-before position-absolute bg-marvel\"><\/div><div class=\"tweet-quote blog-quote-after position-absolute bg-marvel cursor-pointer transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-cv-easeOutCircular scaleUp--hover zi-weak\"><svg class=\"fill-white opacity-0 pointerEvents-none position-absolute pinCenter transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 20\"><path d=\"M24,2.37a9.64,9.64,0,0,1-2.83.79A5,5,0,0,0,23.34.37a9.72,9.72,0,0,1-3.13,1.23A4.86,4.86,0,0,0,16.62,0a5,5,0,0,0-4.8,6.2A13.87,13.87,0,0,1,1.67.92,5.13,5.13,0,0,0,3.19,7.67,4.81,4.81,0,0,1,1,7a5,5,0,0,0,3.95,5,4.82,4.82,0,0,1-2.22.09,4.94,4.94,0,0,0,4.6,3.51A9.72,9.72,0,0,1,0,17.73,13.69,13.69,0,0,0,7.55,20c9.14,0,14.31-7.92,14-15A10.17,10.17,0,0,0,24,2.37Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"blog-quote position-relative textAlign-center c-marvel\"><span class=\"blog-quote-text transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\">\"One of the greatest information processors we deal with in our everyday life cannot be seen or touched.\"<\/p><\/span><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Memory presents an amazing natural complex of data storage and processing. It keeps great loads of information through life and is even able to organize it for the sake of the holder. Moreover, it takes responsibility of setting priorities and keeping some details which could be remembered just off the top of our heads while erasing others which seem not necessary or haven\u2019t been used for a long time. Human memory is one of the mechanisms determining person\u2019s interaction with the outer world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Obviously, this aspect needs to be studied and considered in the sphere of UX design responsible for interfaces of all kinds. Knowing how memory works, designers can create human-centered interfaces which correspond to the natural abilities of the users, save their effort and boost usability.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0-VS8oYlTdDk9gTrb.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0-VS8oYlTdDk9gTrb.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthy Food\u00a0App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Basic points about\u00a0memory<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">In general terms, human memory is the natural storage for the data right in the human brain. It reacts to the outer stimuli, collects the data, processes it and organizes in different ways. Also, it enables a person to access the needed data collected in the memory when it\u2019s needed. However, it doesn\u2019t present the perfect mechanism as it\u2019s influenced by a big number of factors of physical and emotional nature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Basically, psychologists mention three types of memory:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s list list--unordered marginBottom-l lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">\n<li><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">sensory memory<\/strong> holds the data for a short moment when we perceive it with our physical senses like hearing, vision or touch;<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">short-term memory<\/strong> (working memory) allows a person to keep some data remembered for a short period of time without repetitions;<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">long-term memory<\/strong> presents the storage for big quantities of diverse data which could be saved for long periods of time, potentially up to the whole lifetime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">The effective methods of getting the information kept in long-term memory are repetitions and associations. Taking a look at the scheme below, which was provided in the <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/www.learningsolutionsmag.com\/articles\/1684\/brain-science-testing-testing-the-whys-and-whens-of-assessment\/page2\">article<\/a> by Learning Solutions Magazine, we can see the basic flow of data from the first outer stimulus to the long-term memory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0MFxYF9ihjsT8bqcP.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6580\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0MFxYF9ihjsT8bqcP.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Creating the flow of interactions with a website or a mobile application, UX designers have to take this factor into account. Surely, they aim at long-term memory which will keep the core data about the app and will allow using the interface easily again and again. Knowing the steps moving the data to this storage enables designers to set the effective strategy of data perception and necessary repetitions. Also, it helps to organize the data on the screen properly and strengthen <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/tubikstudio.com\/information-architecture-basics-for-designers\/\">information architecture<\/a> of the product.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Basic laws of\u00a0memory<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Three core aspects of memorizing which are mentioned by specialists in psychology are very simple:<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">1. Concentration.<\/strong> To remember a thing or chunk of data, a person needs to concentrate on it. Otherwise, the chances are high that the data will be discarded on the level of short-term memory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">2. Association<\/strong>. The memory presents the huge network of links connecting different data. If a person builds the association which links the new data or object with something well-known or kept in long-term memory, the chances of memorizing get higher.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">3. Repetition<\/strong>. It is one of the effective ways to activate the data in working memory several times until it moves to the long-term memory storage.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Organization of the interface content based on these three points performs with visual hierarchy and perception which can mark important layout elements that should be remembered and make the interaction easier.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/1HeH9rHBxokxnNCW4NrzS6Q.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cinema App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Expert explorations of\u00a0memory<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">There are also some laws and rules which were concluded from various research, experiments and practical testing. Among them, we would mention Miller\u2019s Law and Hick\u2019s Law.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Miller\u2019s Law<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">The number of objects an average person can hold in working memory is about\u00a0seven.<br \/>\nThis exploration was offered on the basis of scientific research by George Miller in 1956 psychological review \u00ab<a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/psychclassics.yorku.ca\/Miller\/\"><em>The magical number seven, plus or minus two<\/em><\/a><em>: Some limits on our capacity for processing information<\/em>\u00bb. In general terms, it states that short-term memory of an average human is able to keep and process about seven objects or chunks of data plus\/minus two at once. Obviously, the formulation given here is generalized as the real flow depends on many factors, including the nature of information.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Later studies, for example, the review by Richard Shiffrin and Robert Nosofsky called \u00ab<em>Seven plus or minus two: A commentary on capacity limitations<\/em>\u00bb provided deeper insights into the work of working memory. In particular, the authors mention that the number of objects which a person can remember at once after they were presented is dependent on the nature of the objects, on average with <strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">seven for digits<\/strong>, <strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">six for letters<\/strong> and about <strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">five for words<\/strong>. It gives the brain abilities to quickly process information, recognize its character and connection to the objects already existing in long-term memory and finalize memorizing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">In design perspective, this information plays the vital role in building up the usable and clear layout. Interfaces, which demand to remember too many options at once, can create the tension and get users irritated even if they aren\u2019t able to describe the reason of unpleasant emotions.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/07o3OVl3gQGu8Nd_x.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/07o3OVl3gQGu8Nd_x.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magic.co landing\u00a0page<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s position-relative marginTopBottom-l breakPointM-marginTopBottom-xl\"><div class=\"blog-quote-before position-absolute bg-marvel\"><\/div><div class=\"tweet-quote blog-quote-after position-absolute bg-marvel cursor-pointer transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-cv-easeOutCircular scaleUp--hover zi-weak\"><svg class=\"fill-white opacity-0 pointerEvents-none position-absolute pinCenter transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 20\"><path d=\"M24,2.37a9.64,9.64,0,0,1-2.83.79A5,5,0,0,0,23.34.37a9.72,9.72,0,0,1-3.13,1.23A4.86,4.86,0,0,0,16.62,0a5,5,0,0,0-4.8,6.2A13.87,13.87,0,0,1,1.67.92,5.13,5.13,0,0,0,3.19,7.67,4.81,4.81,0,0,1,1,7a5,5,0,0,0,3.95,5,4.82,4.82,0,0,1-2.22.09,4.94,4.94,0,0,0,4.6,3.51A9.72,9.72,0,0,1,0,17.73,13.69,13.69,0,0,0,7.55,20c9.14,0,14.31-7.92,14-15A10.17,10.17,0,0,0,24,2.37Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"blog-quote position-relative textAlign-center c-marvel\"><span class=\"blog-quote-text transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\">\"In design perspective, this information plays the vital role in building up the usable and clear layout.\"<\/p><\/span><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Hick\u2019s Law<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">The more elements people get, the harder it is to make a\u00a0choice.<br \/>\nAt the first glance, it seems that this law is not about memory, still, the connection exists. Memory is one of the mechanisms that protects people from negative experience. The more options people get at once, the more distracted they get with numerous associations which can be called \u2014 and that\u2019s impossible to predict how good or bad they can be in this particular case. In addition, giving many options for the choice at once, again we can overload users memory with the bigger number then the working memory can process. In particular, this factor needs special attention in cases of platforms for e-commerce, which should keep the hard balance between giving the user all the necessary information and overwhelming him or her with too many options. Finding this harmony is one of the major challenges for UX designers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/1-I72lnUsswOU-8iRcSAf1A.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/1-I72lnUsswOU-8iRcSAf1A.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magic.co landing\u00a0page<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s position-relative marginTopBottom-l breakPointM-marginTopBottom-xl\"><div class=\"blog-quote-before position-absolute bg-marvel\"><\/div><div class=\"tweet-quote blog-quote-after position-absolute bg-marvel cursor-pointer transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-cv-easeOutCircular scaleUp--hover zi-weak\"><svg class=\"fill-white opacity-0 pointerEvents-none position-absolute pinCenter transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 20\"><path d=\"M24,2.37a9.64,9.64,0,0,1-2.83.79A5,5,0,0,0,23.34.37a9.72,9.72,0,0,1-3.13,1.23A4.86,4.86,0,0,0,16.62,0a5,5,0,0,0-4.8,6.2A13.87,13.87,0,0,1,1.67.92,5.13,5.13,0,0,0,3.19,7.67,4.81,4.81,0,0,1,1,7a5,5,0,0,0,3.95,5,4.82,4.82,0,0,1-2.22.09,4.94,4.94,0,0,0,4.6,3.51A9.72,9.72,0,0,1,0,17.73,13.69,13.69,0,0,0,7.55,20c9.14,0,14.31-7.92,14-15A10.17,10.17,0,0,0,24,2.37Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"blog-quote position-relative textAlign-center c-marvel\"><span class=\"blog-quote-text transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\">\"The more elements people get, the harder it is to make a\u00a0choice.\"<\/p><\/span><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Tips for memory-friendly UX<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">On the basis of the factors and explorations given above, let\u2019s consider a set of tips applying this knowledge for the sake of usability.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">1. Don\u2019t make users memorize many items at\u00a0once.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Definitely, it doesn\u2019t mean that all the screens or pages should be limited to 5\u20139 elements. Still, the number of elements that present core interaction points would rather be considered in these terms. Making several objects in the layout prominent and attractive, designers can follow the law of concentration which will catch the key zones like menu, call-to-action, an image presenting the product etc. Visual hierarchy is one of the vital strategies that enables to create an interface containing many elements visually grouped and divided in a way which is digestible for human memory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">It is also effectively applied to the copy content in the interfaces. In the <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/tubikstudio.com\/tips-on-applying-copy-content-in-user-interfaces\/\">article<\/a>, devoted to this issue, we mentioned some investigations: according to the <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/the-ideal-length-of-everything-online-according-to-science\">research<\/a> published by one of the popular social media sharing platforms Buffer, the ideal length of the headline is 6 words; Jacob Nielsen provides <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/worlds-best-headlines-bbc-news\/\">the study<\/a> at which shows that headlines of 5\u20136 words work effectively, not less than extensive headlines presenting a full sentence. One of the reasons for that is obviously connected with the ability of the working memory to process such chunks of data faster and more effectively.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0Op8QgO4N60cq75Zr.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0Op8QgO4N60cq75Zr.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photography workshop<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s position-relative marginTopBottom-l breakPointM-marginTopBottom-xl\"><div class=\"blog-quote-before position-absolute bg-marvel\"><\/div><div class=\"tweet-quote blog-quote-after position-absolute bg-marvel cursor-pointer transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-cv-easeOutCircular scaleUp--hover zi-weak\"><svg class=\"fill-white opacity-0 pointerEvents-none position-absolute pinCenter transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 20\"><path d=\"M24,2.37a9.64,9.64,0,0,1-2.83.79A5,5,0,0,0,23.34.37a9.72,9.72,0,0,1-3.13,1.23A4.86,4.86,0,0,0,16.62,0a5,5,0,0,0-4.8,6.2A13.87,13.87,0,0,1,1.67.92,5.13,5.13,0,0,0,3.19,7.67,4.81,4.81,0,0,1,1,7a5,5,0,0,0,3.95,5,4.82,4.82,0,0,1-2.22.09,4.94,4.94,0,0,0,4.6,3.51A9.72,9.72,0,0,1,0,17.73,13.69,13.69,0,0,0,7.55,20c9.14,0,14.31-7.92,14-15A10.17,10.17,0,0,0,24,2.37Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"blog-quote position-relative textAlign-center c-marvel\"><span class=\"blog-quote-text transitionDuration-l transitionProperty-all transitionTimingFunction-easeInOut\">\"Don\u2019t make users memorize many items at\u00a0once.\"<\/p><\/span><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">2. Don\u2019t present too many elements for the choice together.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">It\u2019s important to care about the concentration ratio. If you present several choices, buttons, options at once, you should be ready that it will take more time and effort for user\u2019s short-term memory to work them over and this can distract him or her from making the final decision or interaction. This can be the reason of inefficient landing pages or sales funnels: even if they are stunningly designed, the over-distracted user can go away before the conversion happens. Apply scrolling and transitions based on careful prioritization, dividing the objects on the screen or page into groups of primary, secondary and tertiary importance \u2014 this will help users and make navigation through the interface more natural.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/10SnCYbE9EUPpE5e03kk7pg.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Book Swap\u00a0App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">3. Save memory effort with recognizable patterns and\u00a0symbols<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">No secret, people are visually driven creatures, so designers usually master the art of applying images that not only attract attention but also inform users and organize the content. In one of our <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/tubikstudio.com\/visual-perception-icons-vs-copy-in-ui\/\"><strong class=\"c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-5 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">articles<\/strong><\/a>, we gave the details on how users recognize icons and copy. It shows that pictorial elements such as icons and illustrations are perceived faster while copy can be more informative. This can be useful in interface design to apply diverse models and markers which are widely recognizable not only in this particular interface but generally in a variety of them. Magnifier icons for search, shopping cart for the page collecting orders, plus button for creating a new item, flags marking the buttons changing the language \u2014 all of them present the elements existing in human memory for a long time and bringing up correct associations without the need to keep and process new information.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Moreover, going to a broader perspective, most users expect to see the sign of the brand and the links to core sections of the website in the header while the contacts, privacy policy, terms of use and credits in the footer. Knowing these and other similar patterns of user behavior, designers can save users\u2019 effort making basic operations simple and intuitive. This way it\u2019s easier to focus user\u2019s attention on new data and make its perception quick.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/1C3Zz34neL5aRYLvtF7c4Mg.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/1C3Zz34neL5aRYLvtF7c4Mg.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weather App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">4. Apply consistent markers in navigation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/tubikstudio.com\/uiux-design-glossary-navigation-elements\/\">Navigation<\/a> is the crucial factor of usability. Enabling to move through the interfaces, it also presents the data which should be kept by users\u2019 memory; therefore, designers apply a variety of techniques making transitions and interactions consistent and clear. For example, color or shape markers sorting out particular sections, icons defining specific groups of items, fonts used consistently for specific names or types of copy, illustrations and mascots uniting different screens \u2014 these and similar tricks boost memorability of the layout and often support user in processing new data.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0WIZHhizpNcRlUAwT.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0WIZHhizpNcRlUAwT.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homey App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">5. Don\u2019t hide the core elements of navigation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">The discussions about various menus showing or hiding blocks of content are still hot and popular. It\u2019s vital to remember that the key aim of the interface should be the user clearly understanding what\u2019s going on. So, the decision about hamburger menus, sliders, hidden layers of navigation and content should be based on the careful analysis of the target audience. In most cases, especially for the complex interfaces used by the diverse target audience, hiding core navigation elements can serve badly: users need to find and memorize the patterns of reaching them. Some users can appreciate the techniques saving space for other elements, while the others will be annoyed with the necessity to remember how to find the necessary section. Again, prioritization plays the great role: hiding secondary elements while leaving primary ones always visible, designers focus users\u2019 attention on what is the core for them. User testing helps to evaluate the efficiency of the navigation flow and its impact on conversion rate.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0Sv38gqqB8wiLTwLs.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0Sv38gqqB8wiLTwLs.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bookshop Website<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">6. Stimulate different types of\u00a0memory<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Remember the scheme given above? You could see that the first and the quickest stage of absorbing data is the sensory memory. Basically, it is divided into several types of memory which depend on the sensor: it can be visual, audio, kinesthetic, verbal, mechanical etc. Activating them, not only do designers create more memorable interaction flows, but also support broader circles of users. Research and experiments show that different people have different types of memory as the most effective for them. That\u2019s why, for example, icons given with copy in the names of core categories of the menu can boost usability supporting users via both visual and verbal memory. Sounds accompanying interactions can also create memorable flows and operations.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0s9cw2tRB40dYoIH9.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0s9cw2tRB40dYoIH9.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recipe App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTop-xl marginBottom-l c-black lineHeight-xl fontSize-xl fontWeight-5 breakPointM-lineHeight-xxl breakPointM-fontSize-xxl\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">7. Remember about\u00a0emotions<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">Make no mistake, emotional feedback from the interaction is the great factor in retaining or losing users. Bad experience stimulates quicker forgetting the details but tends to leave general negative feeling because in this way brain tries to protect the human. Vice versa, positive emotions, be it fun, aesthetic satisfaction, gratification for the quickly solved problem or accessible communication can bring the person back to feel it again and again.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6580\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0ygmhW4YLAYjV4MNz.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-image-6580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/0ygmhW4YLAYjV4MNz.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recipe App<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginBottom-m paddingBottom-s c-slate lineHeight-l fontSize-l fontWeight-3 breakPointM-fontSize-xl breakPointM-lineHeight-xl\">So, the bottom line is simple: creating interfaces for people, designers have to know how people interact with the world and what influences their behavior. Human memory is one of the essential features determining successful and positive user experience on both conscious and unconscious levels, so it needs to be studied, considered and tested for <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\"href=\"http:\/\/tubikstudio.com\/faq-design-platform-human-centered-vs-user-centered-are-the-terms-different\/\">human-centered UX<\/a> design.<\/p>\n<section class=\"pageWrap pageWrap--s marginTopBottom-xl\">\n<div class=\"breakPointM-display-table bg-marvel borderRadius-l\">\n<div class=\"display-block paddingTop-m breakPointS-paddingTop-l breakPointM-display-none textAlign-center\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"height-auto\" alt=\"Design and prototyping for everyone\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/marvel\/assets\/images\/upsells\/signup-mobile.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/marvel\/assets\/images\/upsells\/signup-mobile@2x.png 2x\" width=\"320\" style=\"max-width: 90%\" \/>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"breakPointM-width-50 breakPointM-display-tableCell verticalAlign-middle padding-m textAlign-center breakPointM-textAlign-left breakPointS-padding-l breakPointM-padding-0 breakPointM-paddingLeft-l\">\n<div class=\"marginBottom-xs\">\n<h2 class=\"fontWeight-5 fontSize-l c-white\">\n               Sign up to the Newsletter            <\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"marginBottom-m\">\n<h3 class=\"fontSize-m lineHeight-m fontWeight-3 c-white opacity-70\">\n                 Get notified of the latest product updates and news at Marvel.<\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"button button--m bg-white c-slate bg-snow--hover js-subscribe-link transitionDuration-l c-marvel--hover fill-smoke--xd fill-marvel--hover cursor-pointer\">\n            Sign up        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-none breakPointM-width-50 breakPointM-display-tableCell textAlign-right\">\n        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"borderRadiusRight-l\" alt=\"Design and prototyping for everyone\" src=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/marvel\/assets\/images\/upsells\/enterprise.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marvel7077.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/themes\/marvel\/assets\/images\/upsells\/enterprise@2x.png 2x\" width=\"270\" height=\"220\" \/>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the greatest information processors we deal with in our everyday life cannot be seen or touched. It cannot be bought or sold as well as taken from other people; however, it can be developed and strengthened by many ways. It cannot be easily described but belongs to the most precious features of human life and determines perhaps any&#8230; <a class=\"link link--blue fontWeight-4\" href=\"https:\/\/shopjessicabuckley.com\/blog\/human-memory-works-tips-ux-designers\/\">Read More &#65515;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":159,"featured_media":12236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[499],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v15.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/shopjessicabuckley.com\/blog\/human-memory-works-tips-ux-designers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Human Memory Works: Tips for UX Designers. | Marvel Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One of the greatest information processors we deal with in our everyday life cannot be seen or touched. 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